INDIA–BHUTAN RELATIONS

NEWS

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Bhutan marks the 70th birthday celebrations of King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (K4), the fourth king and architect of modern Bhutan.
• The visit reinforces India’s ‘Neighbourhood First Policy’, emphasizing close cooperation with Himalayan neighbours.

HIGHLIGHTS

India–Bhutan Relations: A Model Partnership

• Diplomatic relations date back to 1949, guided by friendship and mutual respect.
• The 2007 India–Bhutan Friendship Treaty modernized earlier agreements, shifting from guidance in external affairs to equal partnership.
• Bhutan remains central to India’s strategic and security framework in the Himalayas, countering China’s growing regional influence.

King Jigme Singye Wangchuck’s Legacy

• Ascended the throne in 1972 at age 16; reigned for 34 years.
• Interacted with 12 Indian Prime Ministers, strengthening bilateral trust.
• Transformed Bhutan from a hereditary monarchy to a constitutional democracy (2008).
• Pegged the Bhutanese Ngultrum 1:1 to the Indian rupee (1974) for stable trade.
• Deepened cooperation in hydropower, planning, and economic reforms, inspired by India’s five-year plans.
• Oversaw Operation All Clear (2003–04) with India to eliminate insurgents from Bhutanese soil.
• Expanded Bhutan’s global presence through SAARC (1985) and diplomatic outreach to multiple nations.

Recent Developments

• Modi inaugurated the 1,020 MW Punatsangchhu-II Hydroelectric Project, a symbol of shared energy goals.
• Both nations agreed to resume work on the 1,200 MW Punatsangchhu-I Project.
• India allotted land in Varanasi for a Bhutanese monastery and guest house, symbolizing deep cultural ties.