WESTERN TRAGOPAN

NEWS – Breeding Project Gives Endangered Western Tragopan Breathing Space

 BACKGROUND: A CRITICALLY THREATENED HIMALAYAN PHEASANT

• The western tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus) is one of India’s rarest pheasants and the state bird of Himachal Pradesh.
• Once found across J&K, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, it now survives in fragmented pockets.
• IUCN estimates only 3,000–9,500 mature individuals, forming a single subpopulation, making the species extremely vulnerable.
• Climate-change-driven habitat shifts and persistent human disturbance worsen the decline.

Habitat Challenges & Field Observations

• Surveys from Kazinag and Limber (J&K) show that suitable habitats exist, but fragmentation and human presence threaten survival.
• Birdwatchers report the species still persists deep within the Great Himalayan National Park, though sightings remain rare.

 SARAHAN PHEASANTRY: WORLD’S FIRST CAPTIVE BREEDING SUCCESS

Key Achievements

• First captive births: 1993; breakthrough success at Sarahan Pheasantry in 2005 with four chicks.
• Between 2007–2015, 43 captive-born birds recorded; current population stands at ~46 birds.
• Experts improved survival by:
  • Replicating natural vegetation and nesting material.
  • Seasonal diet adjustments.
  • Minimising stress and disease exposure.
• Genetic studies: captive stock retains 87% genetic diversity from just eight wild founders.

Concerns: Climate Change & Habitat Neglect

• Captive breeding is only an “insurance policy”, not a substitute for habitat conservation.
• Climate variability disrupts synchronisation between breeding timing and insect availability, risking chick starvation.
• Experts warn that without in-situ habitat protection, decades of ex-situ work may offer limited conservation value.

REWILDING: PROGRESS STALLED

• Experimental releases in 2020–21 showed promise; one bird survived nearly a year in the wild.
• Reintroductions halted since 2023 due to budget constraints and need for stronger scientific protocols.
• Release planning requires habitat assessment, predator monitoring, and behavioural adaptation studies.

COMMUNITY ROLE & PATH AHEAD

• Local communities in Himachal Pradesh have reduced disturbances by promoting eco- and bird tourism.
• Community stewardship incentivises habitat protection and reduces pressure on forests.
• Long-term survival depends on integrated strategies:
  • Strengthened habitat protection
  • Climate-adaptive conservation models
  • Continued captive breeding and phased rewilding
  • Community-led conservation

Bottom Line: The breeding programme offers hope, but without protecting the western Himalayas’ rapidly changing habitats, the western tragopan remains perched on the edge of survival.