20 November, 2025
HIDDEN COST OF POLLUTED GROUNDWATER
Groundwater contamination is a silent disaster with profound health, economic, and social consequences. Unlike scarcity, contamination is often irreversible. India must treat this challenge as an urgent national priority. Through coordinated action—scientific monitoring, regulatory enforcement, sustainable farming, and community solutions—the country can prevent this hidden crisis from evolving into a catastrophic burden. The cost of inaction will only grow; the time for bold intervention is now.
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20 November, 2025
Australopithecus garhi
Australopithecus garhi is considered a late gracile australopithecine species dating to the period soon before the emergence of the genus Homo. It is often viewed as a transitional form because it shows a mosaic of primitive australopith and advanced Homo-like traits.
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19 November, 2025
Encephalization – Meaning, Pattern in Human Evolution & Biological Significance
While an increase in body size results in an increase in brain size, the brain:body ratio decreases in larger animals. Body mass increases disproportionately to an increase in brain mass as most tasks only require a fixed brain capacity. While there is a correlation between body size and brain size, there is not a correlation between brain size and intelligence
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19 November, 2025
JANE GOODALL and her contributions
Is a renowned British primatologist, ethologist, and anthropologist, best known for her groundbreaking work with wild chimpanzees in Tanzania. Her research and advocacy efforts have had a profound impact on the understanding of animal behavior, conservation, and the human-animal relationship
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19 November, 2025
Significance of the Siwalik Hills in Human / Primate Evolution
Richest and most continuous fossil beds for the Miocene to Pleistocene period (≈ 20 million–10,000 years). They are globally recognised as a major centre of primate evolution and a crucial region for reconstructing human origins and great ape phylogeny.
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19 November, 2025
Why dentition is so important for studying primate & human evolution?
Teeth = critical fossils: preserved, diagnostic for taxonomy, diet, development and behavior. Y-5 pattern = hallmark of hominoids (apes + humans) — five cusps with Y-shaped central fissure; indicates mixed diet and ape affinity.
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19 November, 2025
Y-5 molar pattern — what it is and why it matters
A lower molar with five cusps whose separating grooves form a Y-shaped fissure pattern on the chewing surface. The five cusps are typically named (from cheek to tongue side) but the key is the Y arrangement of the central grooves.
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18 November, 2025
ICDS AT 50
ICDS at 50 symbolizes India’s unwavering commitment to child and maternal well-being. Yet, to remain relevant in the next fifty years, ICDS must evolve into a nutrition-cum-learning ecosystem aligned with global standards, NEP 2020, and Viksit Bharat 2047. Strengthening Anganwadis, professionalising the workforce, modernising infrastructure, and embracing data-led governance will ensure that ICDS continues to nourish India's future generations.
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15 November, 2025
Punctuated Equilibrium Concept
Punctuated equilibrium states that species remain stable for long periods, interrupted by short, rapid bursts of evolutionary change leading to new species.
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15 November, 2025
Reticulate Evolution
Reticulate evolution is the formation of evolutionary networks where lineages merge, hybridize, and exchange genes, rather than diverging in a purely branching pattern.
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15 November, 2025
FLEXIBLE INFLATION TARGETING
Flexible Inflation Targeting has contributed significantly to anchoring inflation expectations in India. While the 4% target and ±2% band appear broadly appropriate, stronger commitment to headline inflation metrics and fiscal discipline is essential. A well-calibrated FIT framework, paired with credible fiscal consolidation, will ensure India’s sustained growth and macroeconomic resilience in the coming decade.
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13 November, 2025
INDIA’S INCREASING VULNERABILITY TO TROPICAL CYCLONES
India’s vulnerability to tropical cyclones is the outcome of a complex interaction between geography, demography, and climate dynamics. While technological advancements have reduced mortality, climate change and sea-level rise continue to amplify economic and ecological risks. Sustainable coastal development and community resilience are essential to secure India’s future against intensifying tropical storms.
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