Q1. Which of the following statements regarding the Strait of Hormuz is/are correct?

1. It connects the Persian Gulf with the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.
2. It is located between Iran in the north and Oman & UAE in the south.
3. It connects the Red Sea directly to the Mediterranean Sea.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. Consider the following statements regarding the Coconut Promotion Scheme announced in Union Budget 2026–27:

1. It aims to rejuvenate old and non-productive coconut gardens.
2. It focuses only on expanding coconut cultivation in non-coastal regions.
3. It promotes planting of high-yielding coconut varieties.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q3. Which organisation is primarily responsible for implementing coconut development schemes in India?

(a) Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI)

(b) Coconut Development Board (CDB)

(c) Food Corporation of India (FCI)

(d) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

Q4. Consider the following statements regarding the formation of a Wildfire Smoke Vortex:

1. Smoke particles absorb solar radiation, leading to warming of the surrounding air column.
2. Heated air becomes denser and sinks rapidly.
3. Differential rotational influences from atmospheric layers help generate a vortex-like circulation.

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 1 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q5. Which of the following best defines a Dark Sky Park?

(a) A wildlife sanctuary located in desert regions

(b) A national park open only during night time

(c) A protected area with minimal artificial light pollution for astronomical observation

(d) A forest area with restricted human entry

Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the Yakshamangala Award:

1. The Yakshamangala Award is instituted by the Dr P Dayananda Pai – P Sathish Pai Yakshagana Adhyayana Kendra of Mangalore University.
2. The Yakshamangala Award carries a cash prize of ₹1 lakh for each recipient.
3. The book Balipa Marga haagu Agari Marga by Krishna Prakash Ulithaya was selected for the Yakshamangala Krithi Award.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 1 and 3 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. Assertion (A): The Supreme Court banned the Class 8 NCERT Social Science textbook and initiated contempt proceedings because the content on “corruption in the judiciary” was considered reckless and capable of undermining judicial authority.

Reason (R): Under Article 129 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court is a Court of Record and has the power to punish for contempt of itself.

Options:

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C) A is true, but R is false.

D) A is false, but R is true.

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding the proposed CAFE-3 norms:

1. CAFE norms prescribe fuel efficiency standards based on the average emissions of all vehicles sold by a manufacturer.
2. The new proposal under CAFE-3 retains the 13g CO₂/km waiver for small cars.
3. The proposed CAFE-3 norms aim to support India’s commitments under the Paris Agreement and its Net Zero target for 2070.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 1 and 3 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q4. Consider the following statements regarding Germany’s International Climate Initiative (IKI):

1. The International Climate Initiative (IKI) was launched in 2008 by the Government of Germany as a climate finance instrument.
2. IKI exclusively funds climate mitigation projects and does not support adaptation initiatives.
3. The €20 million Large Grant project for India aims to strengthen ecosystem-based climate resilience in regions such as the Himalayas and Western Ghats.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 1 and 3 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q5. Consider the following statements regarding Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU):

1. CCU permanently eliminates carbon dioxide emissions from industrial sectors.
2. CCU is particularly relevant for “hard-to-abate” sectors such as cement, steel, and chemicals.
3. High costs and lack of policy incentives are major challenges in scaling CCU in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 1 and 2 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q1. With reference to “Bulldozer Justice”, consider the following statements:

1. It refers to the demolition of property of an accused person immediately after criminal allegations are made.
2. Municipal authorities can demolish any property without notice if serious criminal charges are involved.
3. Such demolitions must comply with constitutional safeguards under Articles 14 and 21.

 Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 3 only

B) 1 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. With reference to India–Israel relations, consider the following statements:

1. Diplomatic relations between India and Israel were established in 1992.
2. Israel is one of India’s top defence suppliers.
3. India–Israel ties have been elevated to a “Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity.”

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q3. With reference to India–Canada relations, consider the following statements:

1. India and Canada designated their ties as a “Strategic Partnership” in 2018.
2. The Strategic Partnership includes Ministerial Dialogues on foreign policy, trade & investment, finance & energy.
3. Working Groups between the two countries focus only on defence cooperation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q4. With reference to the Rail Tech Policy, consider the following statements:

1. It has been launched by the Ministry of Railways to integrate advanced technologies into railway operations.
2. It provides a structured platform for startups, innovators, industry, and researchers to pilot solutions.
3. It aims to privatise Indian Railways through public–private partnerships.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q5. Assertion (A): Scientists have revised the classification criteria for El Niño and La Niña events.

Reason (R): Rising global sea surface temperatures have not affected ENSO variability from anthropogenic warming signals.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C) A is true, but R is false.

D) A is false, but R is true.

Q1. With reference to C. Rajagopalachari, consider the following statements:

1. He was the only Indian to serve as Governor-General of India.
2. He founded the Swatantra Party advocating a market economy and limited government intervention.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q2. With reference to the Space Cyber Security advisory framework, consider the following statements:

1. It has been released jointly by CERT-In and the SatCom Industry Association (SIA-India).
2. It focuses only on ground-based infrastructure and excludes space segment systems.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q3. With reference to the rice–wheat cropping system in Kashmir, consider the following statements:

1. Wheat is grown as a Rabi crop and rice as a Kharif crop.
2. Delay in wheat harvesting can affect timely transplantation of paddy.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q4. With reference to Lapis Lazuli, consider the following statements:

1. It is a metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious gemstone.
2. Lazurite is primarily responsible for its deep blue colour.
3. Pyrite reduces the intensity of its blue colour.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q5. With reference to celiac disease, consider the following statements:

1. It is an inherited autoimmune disorder.
2. It is triggered by the consumption of gluten.
3. It primarily affects the liver.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q1. With reference to Exercise Vajra Prahar, consider the following statements:

1. It is a joint Special Forces exercise between India and the United States.
2. It is conducted annually only in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q2. With reference to the constitutional position of the Election Commission of India (ECI), consider the following statements:

1. Article 324 vests the superintendence, direction and control of elections in the Election Commission.
2. Universal adult franchise is provided under Article 326 of the Constitution.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q3. With reference to the Td vaccine, consider the following statements:

1. It protects against both tetanus and diphtheria.
2. It is a live attenuated vaccine.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q4. Which of the following statements regarding tetanus is/are correct?

1. It is caused by Clostridium tetani.
2. It spreads through respiratory droplets.
3. It produces a neurotoxin called tetanospasmin.

Select the correct answer using the code below:

A) 1 only

B) 1 and 2 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q5. 1. With reference to the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), consider the following statements:

1. It was established in 2001.
2. It is a database documenting prior art related to Indian traditional knowledge.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q1. With reference to PRAHAAR, consider the following statements:

1. It is India’s first National Counter Terrorism Policy and Strategy released by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
2. It focuses only on cross-border terrorism and excludes cyber threats.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q2. With reference to Article 3 of the Constitution, consider the following statements:

1. Parliament has the power to alter the name of a State.
2. A Bill for this purpose can be introduced only after the recommendation of the President.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q3. With reference to Tetrodotoxin (TTX), consider the following statements:

1. It is a naturally occurring marine neurotoxin.
2. Cooking at high temperatures completely destroys the toxin.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q4. The mechanism of action of Tetrodotoxin involves:

A) Blocking potassium channels in muscles

B) Blocking sodium channels in nerves

C) Increasing dopamine secretion

D) Destroying red blood cells

Q5. With reference to Green Ammonia, consider the following statements:

1. It is produced using nitrogen from air and green hydrogen generated through electrolysis using renewable energy.
2. Its production depends on fossil fuels as feedstock.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q1. Assertion (A): Recent tests found that several vegetable samples in Bengaluru contained lead levels higher than the limits prescribed under FSSAI standards.

Reason (R): Lead is a heavy metal contaminant that can accumulate in soil and enter the food chain, posing serious health risks to humans.

Options:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true, but R is false.

D. A is false, but R is true.

Q2. With reference to the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST), consider the following statements:

1. It is a constitutional body established under Article 338-A by the 89th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003.
2. The Chairperson of the Commission holds the rank of a Minister of State in the Union Government.
3. The Commission has powers of a civil court while investigating matters related to safeguards of Scheduled Tribes.
4. Members of the Commission are eligible for unlimited reappointments.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only

B. 1, 2 and 3 only

C. 2 and 4 only

D. 1, 3 and 4 only

Q3. Assertion (A): Brazil is India’s third largest trading partner in Latin America.

Reason (R): Both countries are members of groupings such as BRICS, G20, IBSA, and BASIC, which strengthen their strategic and economic cooperation.

Options:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true, but R is false.

D. A is false, but R is true.

Q4. Consider the following statements regarding the International Energy Agency (IEA):

1. It was established in 1991 to promote renewable energy cooperation.
2. Associate member countries participate in discussions but do not have decision-making rights.
3. The headquarters of the IEA is located in Geneva, Switzerland.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 2 and 3 only

Q5. With reference to the PRASHAD Scheme, consider the following statements:

1. It is a Central flagship initiative launched by the Ministry of Tourism.
2. It provides 100% Central funding for eligible project components.
3. The scheme is implemented directly by the Ministry of Tourism without involvement of State Governments.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D.  1, 2 and 3

Q1. With reference to the Export Promotion Mission (EPM), consider the following statements:

1. It was announced in the Union Budget 2025–26.
2. It will be implemented by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT).
3. It aims to provide only financial support to exporters.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. With reference to the Sayyad-3G missile system, consider the following statements:

1. It is developed by Iran for naval air defense.
2. It uses radar-based terminal homing and inertial mid-course guidance.
3. It is capable of intercepting fighter jets, UAVs, and cruise missiles.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q3. With reference to the AI Impact Summit 2026, consider the following statements:

1. It aimed to make AI capabilities widely accessible, particularly to the Global South.
2. It emphasized that AI systems should be safe and trusted
3. It proposed mandatory global AI regulations binding on all countries.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q4. Assertion (A): The additional measures under the Export Promotion Mission aim to enhance the global competitiveness of Indian MSMEs.

Reason (R): MSMEs face structural challenges such as high cost of capital, limited trade finance access, compliance burdens, and logistics disadvantages in international markets.

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true, but R is false.

(d) A is false, but R is true.

Q5. With reference to Hoysala monuments in Karnataka, consider the following statements:

1. The Chennakeshava Temple at Belur was commissioned by King Vishnuvardhana.
2. The Lakshmidevi Temple at Doddagaddavalli follows a Chatuskuta (four-shrine) architectural plan.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q1. With reference to the Lead Bank Scheme (LBS), consider the following statements:

1. It was introduced by the Reserve Bank of India in 1969.
2. The district is the primary unit for credit planning under the scheme.
3. The scheme assigns one private bank as the Lead Bank in each district.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. With reference to “Pax Silica”, consider the following statements:

1. It is a U.S.-led technology supply chain alliance.
2. It focuses on securing semiconductor and critical mineral supply chains.
3. It is a United Nations-backed initiative.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q3. With reference to the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), consider the following statements:

1. It examines the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).
2. It always conducts pre-budget scrutiny of government expenditure.
3. It only has the power to disallow expenditure already approved by Parliament.

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q4. With reference to the SANKALP Scheme, consider the following statements:

1. It was launched in 2018 by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
2. It receives financial assistance from the World Bank.
3. It aims to strengthen institutional frameworks and improve industry linkage in the skill ecosystem.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q5. Assertion (A): Forest fires in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland spread rapidly uphill despite being mostly surface fires.

Reason (R): Steep slopes and valley winds in the North-East create a chimney effect, accelerating the upward movement of flames.

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true, but R is false.

(d) A is false, but R is true.

Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Rare Earth Magnets:

1. Rare earth magnets are made from a group of 17 metallic elements including Neodymium and Dysprosium.
2. China controls nearly 90% of global rare earth magnet processing.
3. Rare earth magnets are mainly used only in jewellery and decorative items.
4. India has approved a Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Manufacturing Scheme to boost domestic production.

Which of the above statements are correct?

A) 1 and 3 only

B) 2 and 4 only

C) 1, 2 and 4 only

D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q2. Assertion (A): Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is regarded as a visionary ruler who laid the foundation of Swaraj and is known for pioneering guerrilla warfare tactics in India.

Reason (R):He founded the Maratha Empire, resisted Mughal expansion, and effectively used Ganimi Kava (guerrilla warfare) to defeat stronger enemies.

Options:

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C) A is true, but R is false.

D) A is false, but R is true.

Q3. With reference to the Nilgiri Tahr, consider the following statements:

1. It is endemic to the Southern Western Ghats and is found mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
2. It primarily inhabits open montane grasslands associated with the Shola-grassland ecosystem.
3. It is listed as Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List and placed under Schedule II of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q4. With reference to Section 44(3) of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, consider the following statements:

1. It amends Section 8(1)(j) of the RTI Act, 2005, giving statutory primacy to data privacy over disclosure of personal information.
2. It removes the earlier public interest override framework for disclosure of personal data under the RTI Act.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q5. Which of the following best explains the strategic importance of rare earth magnets for India?

A) They are mainly used in the jewellery industry and handicrafts sector.

B) They are required only for agricultural equipment and irrigation pumps.

C) They are essential for electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and advanced defence technologies.

D) They are primarily used for manufacturing traditional iron tools.

Q1. With reference to Paridrishya-2026, consider the following statements:

1. It is organised by the Mysuru Cinema Society.
2. The theme of the festival is “Global Perspectives – Cinema Beyond Borders.”
3. It exclusively showcases Indian feature-length commercial films.
4. It includes documentaries focusing on environment, culture, art and urban life.

Which of the above statements are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 1, 2 and 4 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q2. With reference to the M.A.N.A.V. Vision presented at the India AI Impact Summit 2026, consider the following statements:

1. It promotes a human-centric AI framework focusing on ethics, inclusivity, and trust.
2. It emphasizes national sovereignty through secure data and indigenous AI models.
3. It proposes complete deregulation of AI to promote unrestricted innovation.
4. It is supported by initiatives like the IndiaAI Mission and India Semiconductor Mission.

Which of the above statements are correct?

A) 1 and 3 only

B) 2 and 4 only

C) 1, 2 and 4 only

D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q3. With reference to the ‘Mobile Bidi–Pustaka Hidi (Leave the Phone, Pick Up a Book)’ campaign, consider the following statements:

1. It aims to promote reading habits among children and reduce mobile addiction.
2. It is implemented solely by private publishing houses.
3. Schools are encouraged to create awareness about the dangers of excessive mobile usage.
4. The campaign involves support from police and mental health professionals.

Which of the above statements are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1, 3 and 4 only

D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q4. With reference to the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny of 1946, consider the following statements:

1. The revolt began at HMIS Talwar in Bombay with a hunger strike over poor food quality.
2. It remained confined only to Bombay and did not spread to other regions.
3. The mutiny was influenced by the Quit India Movement and the Indian National Army (INA).
4. The uprising witnessed solidarity across religious lines and support from civilians.

Which of the above statements are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 1, 3 and 4 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q5. Assertion (A): The Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny of 1946 significantly weakened British confidence in their ability to continue ruling India.

Reason (R): The mutiny spread across multiple naval establishments and received support from workers, students, and civilians, showing widespread anti-colonial sentiment.

Options:

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C) A is true, but R is false.

D) A is false, but R is true.

Q1. With reference to the Loggerhead turtle, consider the following statements:

1. It belongs to the family Cheloniidae and is the world’s largest hard-shelled sea turtle.
2. It uses the Earth’s geomagnetic field for long-distance navigation.
3. Its IUCN conservation status is Critically Endangered.
4. Rising sand temperature results in more female hatchlings due to temperature-dependent sex determination.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1, 2 and 4 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q2. With reference to the SAHI (Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare for India) initiative, consider the following statements:

1. It serves as a roadmap for responsible and ethical adoption of AI in healthcare.
2. It mandates consent-based data use, algorithmic transparency, and accountability mechanisms.
3. It is a national benchmarking platform developed by IIT Kanpur to test AI tools.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 2 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q3. With reference to the BODH (Benchmarking Open Data Platform for Health AI) initiative, consider the following statements:

1. It evaluates AI healthcare tools for accuracy, safety, and clinical robustness before large-scale deployment.
2. It was developed by IIT Kanpur in collaboration with the National Health Authority.
3. It lays down a policy roadmap for ethical AI adoption across various sectors

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q4. With reference to the G7 Summit, consider the following statements:

1. The G7 is a formal treaty-based international organization with a permanent secretariat.
2. The European Union participates in the G7 as a non-enumerated member.
3. The G7 represents nearly 40% of global GDP.
4. India is a permanent member of the G7.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 4 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1, 2 and 3 only

D. 2, 3 and 4 only

Q5. With reference to Kerala declaring tidal flooding as a State-specific disaster, consider the following statements:

1. The declaration allows financial relief under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF).
2. Section 2(d) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 defines disaster as a natural or man-made event causing substantial loss and disruption.
3. Tidal flooding in Kerala occurs only once a year during extreme weather events.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q1. With reference to the PM Rahat Scheme, consider the following statements:

1. It provides cashless treatment up to ₹1.5 lakh per victim for 7 days.
2. It is implemented by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q2. Assertion (A): Importing cheap raw cotton from the U.S. under zero-duty arrangements may adversely affect Indian cotton farmers.

Reason (R): India is one of the largest cotton producers in the world, and cheap imports can reduce domestic demand and depress prices for locally grown cotton.

Options:

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

C) A is true, but R is false

D) A is false, but R is true

Q3. With reference to the ‘Bharat VISTAAR’ scheme, consider the following statements:

1. It is a multilingual AI-based conversational advisory system for farmers.
2. It integrates AgriStack, ICAR knowledge systems, IMD weather inputs, and market prices into one digital interface.
3. It replaces all existing agricultural schemes with a new centralized subsidy mechanism.
4. It provides a digital Farmer Identity Card to integrate services like PM Fasal Bima Yojana and Soil Health Card.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 1, 2 and 4 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 3 and 4 only

Q4. With reference to the ‘Bee Corridors’ initiative, consider the following statements:

1. It involves developing pollinator-friendly vegetation along National Highways.
2. Flowering clusters are planted at intervals aligned with the average foraging distance of bees.
3. The initiative focuses only on increasing honey production for commercial export.
4. Species such as Neem, Mahua, and Jamun are included to support biodiversity.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A) 1 and 3 only

B) 1, 2 and 4 only

C) 2 and 4 only

D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q5. With reference to India–France relations, consider the following statements:

1. India established its first Strategic Partnership with France in 1998.
2. The Horizon 2047 roadmap focuses on cooperation in Security, Planet, and People.
3. The Varuna exercise is a joint Naval exercise between India and France.
4. The Jaitapur project in Maharashtra is planned to become the world’s largest nuclear power park.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 1, 2 and 4 only

C) 2, 3 and 4 only

D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q1. Consider the following statements regarding India’s recent power generation capacity addition:

1. India added over 50,000 MW of electricity generation capacity in the current financial year.
2. Renewable energy contributed the largest share to the total capacity added.
3. Wind energy accounted for the largest share among renewable sources added this year.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. With reference to the LHS 1903 planetary system and the CHEOPS mission, consider the following statements:

1. LHS 1903 is a red dwarf star system located about 117 light-years from Earth.
2. In LHS 1903, a rocky planet exists beyond gaseous planets, challenging traditional planet formation theory.
3. The system contains only gas giant planets similar to Jupiter.
4. CHEOPS is operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) to study exoplanets’ size, composition, and orbit.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 1, 2 and 4 only

C) 2, 3 and 4 only

D) 1, 3 and 4 only

Q3. Assertion (A): India’s push for bio-based chemicals and enzymes under the BioE3 policy can help reduce industrial carbon emissions and support its Net Zero 2070 target.

Reason (R): Bio-based chemicals are produced from renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels and generally have a lower carbon footprint.

Choose the correct answer:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true, but R is false.

D. A is false, but R is true.

Q4. Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between drop-in and drop-out biomaterials?

1. Drop-in biomaterials are chemically identical to petroleum-based materials and can use existing infrastructure.
2. Drop-out biomaterials require new processing or disposal systems due to chemical differences.
3. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is an example of a drop-in biomaterial.

Options:

A. 1 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q5. With reference to Namma Saras Mela 2026, which of the following statements is correct?

A. Entry to the mela is ticketed and restricted to SHG members only.

B. The mela will feature 120 product stalls and 30 live food court stalls, with free public entry.

C. Akka Cafés are yet to be launched in Karnataka.

D. The mela will be organised only for SHGs from Karnataka state.

Q1. With reference to the bamboo-based 2G bioethanol initiative in Assam, consider the following statements:

1. Second Generation (2G) ethanol is produced from non-food biomass such as bamboo and agricultural waste.
2. The Assam Fixation of Ceiling on Land Holding Act, 1956 was amended to allow tea gardens to use up to 5% of land for non-tea purposes.
3. First Generation (1G) ethanol is more sustainable than 2G ethanol as it uses food crops like sugarcane and maize.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1, 2 and 3

D) 3 only

Q2. With reference to the Startup India Fund of Funds 2.0, consider the following statements:

1. It builds upon the earlier Fund of Funds for Startups (FFS 1.0) launched in 2016.
2. It follows a targeted funding approach focusing on priority sectors such as deep tech and technology-driven manufacturing.
3. It is limited only to metro cities and does not cover startups in other regions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 3 only

B) 1 and 2 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q3. With reference to the Assam Rifles Dog Squad, consider the following statements:

1. Assam Rifles plans to gradually phase out foreign dog breeds by 2050 and induct more indigenous Indian breeds.
2. The Tangkhul Hui (Haofa) breed is traditionally raised in Tamil Nadu and is known for its high speed only
3. The Kombai (Polygar Dog) is an indigenous breed from Tamil Nadu traditionally used for guarding and hunting.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 3 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q4. With reference to a Substantive Motion in the Lok Sabha, consider the following statements:

1. It is a self-contained proposal expressing a clear decision of the House.
2. It is admitted only with the approval of the Speaker.
3. If admitted, it can be debated and put to vote in the House.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 1 and 2 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q5. With reference to the Great Nicobar Mega Project, consider the following statements:

1. It is a greenfield infrastructure project conceived by NITI Aayog.
2. The nodal agency for its implementation is the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation (ANIIDCO).
3. The project includes an International Transhipment Port at Galathea Bay and a 450 MW power plant.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 1 and 2 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the use of guano in the Chincha Valley:

1. Guano is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, enhancing soil fertility.
2. The Chincha Valley is a humid tropical region with high natural soil fertility.
3. Scientific studies confirmed the use of guano since around 1250 AD using isotope analysis and carbon dating.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 1 and 3 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. With reference to the Urban Challenge Fund (UCF), consider the following statements:

1. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
2. The Central Government will provide 100% funding for approved projects.
3. The scheme follows a competitive challenge-based approach to select projects.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 3 only

B) 1 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q3. With reference to the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF), consider the following statements:

1. It is a Central Sector Scheme providing medium to long-term debt financing for post-harvest management infrastructure.
2. It provides 13% interest subvention and credit guarantee coverage for loans up to ₹2 crore.
3. It is implemented only for State Governments and excludes farmers and FPOs as beneficiaries.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1 only

Q4. Assertion (A): Climate change may significantly shrink global grazing lands by 2100 due to rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and increased drought frequency.

Reason (R): Higher temperatures and irregular rainfall reduce vegetation growth, increase desertification, and degrade soil quality, making grazing lands less climatically suitable.

Options:

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C) A is true, but R is false.

D) A is false, but R is true.

Q5. Which of the following statements about DOSA(dilated cardiomyopathy (heart weakening), obesity, and sleep apnoea) is correct?

A) DOSA is caused by a mutation in the KCNA2 gene affecting potassium channels and activating the RAC1-ERK pathway.

B) DOSA is a bacterial infection that primarily affects only the respiratory system.

C) DOSA is limited to India and has no global occurrence.

D) DOSA is treated conclusively with antibiotics.

Q1. With reference to the PM-SURAJ Portal, consider the following statements:

1. It was launched in 2024 by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
2. It provides credit support only to large-scale industrial enterprises.
3. It is implemented through financial corporations such as NSFDC, NSKFDC and NBCFDC.
4. It aligns with the constitutional vision of social justice under Articles 14, 15 and 46.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only

B. 1, 3 and 4 only

C. 2 and 4 only

D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q2. With reference to the National Large Solar Telescope (NLST), consider the following statements:

1. It will be established in the Merak region near Pangong Tso Lake in Ladakh.
2. It is designed to study solar dynamics, magnetism, and energetic solar events.
3. It will operate only in radio wavelengths.
4. It will be India’s first ground-based solar observatory.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1, 2 and 3 only

C. 2 and 4 only

D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q3. With reference to Lymphatic Filariasis, consider the following statements:

1. It is a vector-borne parasitic disease transmitted by female Culex mosquitoes.
2. It is caused by parasitic roundworms belonging to the family Filarioidea.
3. It primarily affects the respiratory system.
4. Elimination strategy includes Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to at-risk populations.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1, 2 and 4 only

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q4. With reference to the Network Readiness Index (NRI), consider the following statements:

1. The Network Readiness Index is prepared by the Portulans Institute based in Washington DC.
2. It measures a country’s preparedness in using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for economic and social development.
3. India ranked within the top 10 countries in NRI 2025.
4. The index evaluates digital policies, cybersecurity, ICT infrastructure, and economic impact of technology.

Which of the statements given above are incorrect?

A. 1, 2 and 4 only

B. 3 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q5. Assertion (A): India improved its rank to 15th position in the Network Readiness Index (NRI) 2025.

Reason (R): The Network Readiness Index measures a country’s preparedness in using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for economic growth, governance, and social development.

Choose the correct answer:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true, but R is false.

D. A is false, but R is true.

Q1. With reference to the recent release of captive-bred vultures in Assam, consider the following statements:

1. The programme is led by the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS).
2. Kamrup and Biswanath districts were chosen as they fall within the natural range of these species and already host small existing flocks.
3. The decline of vultures in India was mainly due to a viral epidemic affecting only Northeast India.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q2. With reference to the Swavalambini Scheme, consider the following statements:

1. It is a women-focused entrepreneurship programme under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).
2. It targets female students from Higher Educational Institutions and Universities.
3. It provides direct universal income support to women entrepreneurs.

Which of the statements given above are incorrect?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q3. With reference to the Sawalkot Hydroelectric Project, consider the following statements:

1. It is located on the Chenab River in the Ramban district of Jammu & Kashmir.
2. It is designed as a storage-based hydroelectric project with large reservoir capacity.
3. It has been declared a Project of National Importance.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only

B. 1 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q4. With reference to the new protocol issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs regarding Vande Mataram and Jana Gana Mana, consider the following statements:

1. When both are played at an event, Jana Gana Mana must be played before Vande Mataram.
2. The audience must stand to attention during the official version of Vande Mataram.
3. When played by a band, the National Song must be preceded by a roll of drums.

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 only

C. 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q5. Assertion (A): The 2026 Dolphin Census in Odisha recorded the highest marine dolphin population in the last five years.

Reason (R): Improved habitat protection and community participation have contributed to stable or improving dolphin population trends in key conservation zones.

Choose the correct answer:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true, but R is false.

D. A is false, but R is true.

Q1. With reference to the recent U.S.–Bangladesh Reciprocal Trade Agreement, consider the following statements:

1. It allows zero-tariff access to Bangladeshi textile exports if they use U.S.-origin raw materials.
2. The agreement may affect India’s competitiveness in the U.S. textile market.
3. The agreement provides unconditional zero-tariff access to all Bangladeshi exports.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q2. With reference to ecological discolouration caused by global warming and pollution, consider the following statements:

1. Coral bleaching in regions such as the Gulf of Mannar and Lakshadweep is linked to rising sea temperatures.
2. Increase in nutrient pollution can intensify algal blooms in oceans.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q3. With reference to HbA1c as a diagnostic tool for diabetes, consider the following statements:

1. HbA1c reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2–3 months.
2. Iron-deficiency anaemia can distort HbA1c values by altering the lifespan of red blood cells.
3. HbA1c is unaffected by genetic blood disorders such as thalassaemia and sickle cell disease.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q4. With reference to the Himalayan Griffon, consider the following:

1. It is mainly found in high-altitude regions of the Himalayas and Central Asia.
2. It primarily shows altitudinal migration.
3. It is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List.

Which of the statements given above are incorrect?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q5. The recent discovery of Tamil Brahmi inscriptions in Egypt primarily indicates:

A. Political conquest of Egypt by South Indian kingdoms

B. Maritime trade links between Tamilagam and the Roman world

C. Spread of Buddhism from Egypt to India

D. Establishment of Indian colonies in North Africa

Q1. With reference to the removal of the Lok Sabha Speaker, consider the following statements:

1. The Speaker can be removed only by the Lok Sabha.
2. The Rajya Sabha has no role in the removal process.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q2. Assertion (A): The New START Treaty regulates strategic nuclear weapons.

Reason (R): Strategic nuclear weapons include long-range systems designed to target command centres and critical infrastructure.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

Q3. With reference to the Integrated Farming System (IFS), consider the following statements:

1. It promotes the integration of crops, livestock, fishery, and other allied activities on a single farm unit.
2. It is particularly suited for large commercial farms above 10 hectares.
3. It encourages recycling of farm residues to reduce input costs.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only

B. 1 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q4. With reference to BESCOM, consider the following statements:

1. It was ranked 51st out of 54 power distribution companies by the Ministry of Power.
2. It scored above 50 out of 100 in the assessment.

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q5. With reference to the proposed social media ban for children, consider the following statements:

1. It seeks to prohibit individuals below a certain age (typically 16 years) from creating or maintaining accounts on major digital platforms.
2. It shifts the burden of age verification primarily onto tech companies.
3. It removes safe harbour protection provided under Section 79 of the IT Act.

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 3 only

Q1. With reference to the India–Greece Defence Industrial Cooperation, consider the following statements:

1. A five-year roadmap has been adopted to ensure structured long-term defence collaboration.
2. The cooperation framework replaces all existing bilateral military engagements.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q2. With reference to the Swavalambini Scheme, consider the following statements:

1. It is a pilot Women Entrepreneurship Programme (WEP).
2. It aims to promote enterprise creation among female students in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q3. With reference to the Kimberley Process (KP), consider the following statements:

1. It is a multinational certification system regulating the global trade of rough diamonds.
2. It was initiated in 2000 by southern African countries.
3. It came into force through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) in 2003.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q4. The proposed hi-tech silk cocoon market in Mysuru is primarily intended to:

A. Promote export of finished silk garments directly to foreign markets

B. Facilitate open auction of silk cocoons to support local sericulturists

C. Replace mulberry cultivation with synthetic fibre production

D. Establish a research centre for genetically modified silkworms

Q5. With reference to Lyriothemis keralensis, recently seen in news, consider the following statements:

1. It is a newly discovered species of dragonfly from Kerala.
2. It prefers irrigation ecosystems such as pineapple and rubber plantations.
3. It is active throughout the year in coastal wetlands and hence called Lyriothemis keralensis

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q1. The reticulated python is best described as:

A. Venomous arboreal snake

B. Giant constricting snake

C. Semi-aquatic venomous snake

D. Small burrowing snake

Q2. With reference to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), consider the following statements:

1. It is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever caused by a flavivirus.
2. The virus is transmitted mainly through mosquito bites.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q3. With reference to Mount Aconcagua, consider the following statements:

1. It is the highest mountain in South America.
2. It is the tallest mountain in the world outside Asia.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q4. With reference to the recent India–Malaysia agreements, consider the following statements:

1. Both countries agreed to promote bilateral trade in local currencies.
2. The agreement aims to reduce dependence on the US Dollar.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q5. Assertion (A): The India–United States Interim Trade Agreement is a temporary, outcome-oriented framework.

Reason (R): It aims to deliver early harvest commitments on tariffs, market access, and non-tariff barriers while negotiations continue for a full Bilateral Trade Agreement.

Options:

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false

D. A is false but R is true

Q1. With reference to the Seventh Amendment to the Telecommunication (Broadcasting and Cable) Services Interconnection Regulations, 2026, consider the following statements:

1. Annual audit is mandatory for all Distribution Platform Operators (DPOs) irrespective of subscriber base.
2. Broadcasters can seek clarification on audit discrepancies through the DPO, and auditors must respond within a prescribed time limit.
3. Infrastructure providers are required to insert a network logo watermark at the encoder end for all pay channels.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. Assertion (A): The formation of 10,000 Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) helps improve the income and market power of small and marginal farmers in India.

Reason (R): FPOs enable collective production, access to credit, value-chain integration, and better bargaining power through institutional support and market linkages.

Choose the correct answer:

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

C) A is true, but R is false

D) A is false, but R is true

Q3. With reference to the Jiyo Parsi Scheme, consider the following statements:

1. The Jiyo Parsi Scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Minority Affairs to address the declining population of the Parsi community in India.
2. The scheme includes medical assistance and housing-related support, with applications verified through State Governments and supported by dedicated online portals.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q4. With reference to the Seeds Act and allied regulations in India, consider the following statements:

1. State Governments can appoint Seed Inspectors under the Seeds Act, 1966 to inspect seed outlets, draw samples and take enforcement action against spurious seeds.
2. The SATHI portal provides end-to-end digital traceability of seeds across the supply chain to enhance transparency.
3. Farmers are not allowed to sell their farm-saved seeds under the Seeds (Control) Order, 1983.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Q5. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the SATHI portal launched by the Government of India?

A) To provide subsidies to seed companies for hybrid seed production

B) To ensure end-to-end digital traceability and transparency in the seed supply chain

C) To replace Seed Inspectors appointed under the Seeds Act, 1966

D) To regulate seed prices at the national level

1)  Which of the following statement/s is/are incorrect?

1. A dedicated Deep Tech Startup category has been introduced, with extended recognition up to 20 years and higher turnover limits.
2. Businesses formed by splitting or reconstruction of existing enterprises are eligible for startup recognition under the revised framework.

Options:

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

2) Which of the following statements best explains the significance of the recently developed Sodium-Ion Battery (SIB) by Indian scientists?

A. It relies on lithium-based cathodes and is cheaper only due to government subsidies

B. It offers ultra-fast charging, longer cycle life, and reduces dependence on imported lithium

C. It has higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries but limited charging speed

D. It is mainly suitable for small electronic devices and not for grid-scale storage

3) Consider the following statements about Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs):

1. Sodium-Ion Batteries use the same basic working principle as lithium-ion batteries but replace lithium ions with sodium ions.
2. Sodium-Ion Batteries are unsuitable for large-scale energy storage due to limited raw material availability.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

4) Consider the following statements about Chemical Parks in India:

1. Chemical Parks follow a cluster-based, plug-and-play model with shared infrastructure and common environmental facilities.
2. The initiative aims to reduce import dependence and improve India’s integration into global chemical value chains.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

5) With reference to the Agni-III ballistic missile, consider the following statements:

1. It is a two-stage, solid-fuelled surface-to-surface missile with a strike range exceeding 3,000 km.
2. It is capable of carrying both conventional and nuclear warheads and can be launched from road and rail mobile platforms.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q1. With reference to the death penalty in India, consider the following:

1. Article 21 of the Constitution completely prohibits the death penalty in India.
2. The Supreme Court mandates consideration of mitigating circumstances before awarding capital punishment.
3. Recent trends show a growing judicial preference for life imprisonment as an alternative to death penalty.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q2. With reference to President’s Rule under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution, consider the following statements:

1. The imposition of President’s Rule is subject to judicial review as held in the S.R. Bommai case.
2. During President’s Rule, the functioning of the State High Court is suspended.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q3. With reference to Denotified Tribes (DNTs) in India, consider the following statements:

1. Denotified Tribes were earlier notified as “criminal tribes” under a colonial law enacted in 1871, which was repealed after Independence.
2. The lack of a separate constitutional or census recognition has led to policy invisibility and exclusion of many DNT communities from welfare benefits.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q4. With reference to SabhaSaar, consider the following statements:

1. SabhaSaar is an AI-enabled platform that converts Gram Sabha meeting recordings into structured Minutes of Meetings.
2. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is the nodal ministry responsible for implementing SabhaSaar.

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q5. Consider the following statements regarding Minor Forest Produce (MFP):

1. Minor Forest Produce includes non-timber forest products that form a major source of livelihood for tribal communities.
2. A decline in MSP-based procurement of MFP indicates gaps in on-ground implementation despite fund releases by the Centre only

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Olive Ridley sea turtles:

1. Olive Ridley turtles are known for mass nesting events called arribadas.
2. They are listed as Critically Endangered under the IUCN Red List.
3. Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) help turtles escape from fishing nets.
4. Operation Olivia is conducted by the Indian Coast Guard to protect nesting turtles.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1, 3 and 4 only

C. 2 and 4 only

D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only

Q2. Assertion (A): The NAMASTE scheme aims to eliminate manual and hazardous sewer and septic tank cleaning while providing formal recognition and support to sanitation workers and waste-pickers.

Reason (R): A significant proportion of sanitation workers and waste-pickers belong to socially disadvantaged communities and often lack formal contracts, safety equipment, and social security protection.

Options:

A.  Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true, but R is false.

D. A is false, but R is true.

Q3. With reference to the Orange Economy, consider the following statements:

1. It refers to economic activities where creativity, culture, and intellectual property form the primary source of value.
2. It mainly focuses on traditional manufacturing industries and agricultural production.
3. Sectors such as audio-visual media, gaming, design, and live entertainment are part of the Orange Economy.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q4. With reference to the Sakhi women-only auto service launched in Bengaluru, consider the following statements:

1. The service is designed for passengers of all genders but is operated only by women drivers.
2. The initiative plans to create an inclusive ecosystem by onboarding trans women drivers in the future.
3. The service aims to address safety concerns and anxiety faced by women while using conventional transport.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q5. With reference to the 16th Finance Commission, consider the following statements:

1. The share of states in the divisible pool of central taxes has been increased to 45%.
2. The Commission introduced a new weight for contribution to GDP in the horizontal devolution formula.
3. The Finance Commission is a constitutional body constituted under Article 280 of the Constitution.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q1. Which of the following gorilla subspecies are listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List?

1. Western Lowland Gorilla
2. Cross River Gorilla
3. Eastern Lowland (Grauer’s) Gorilla
4. Mountain Gorilla

Select the correct answer using the code below:

A. 1, 2 and 3 only

B. 1, 2, 3 and 4

C. 2 and 4 only

D. 1 and 4 only

Q2. Assertion (A): The reduction of US tariffs on Indian goods to 18% is expected to enhance the competitiveness of Indian exports in the American market.

Reason (R): Lower tariffs reduce the landed cost of Indian products, benefiting sectors such as textiles, engineering goods, and pharmaceuticals.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

C. A is true, but R is false

D. A is false, but R is true

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding wetlands in India:

1. Wetlands are vital national public goods that support water security, flood control, biodiversity, and livelihoods.
2. India has lost about 40% of its wetlands in the last 30 years, while nearly half of the remaining wetlands are degraded.
3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017 provide a legal framework for identification, notification, and regulation of wetlands.
4. Constructed wetlands are recognised as part of India’s water management approach to complement sewage treatment infrastructure.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1, 3 and 4 only

D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q4. With reference to the Great Nicobar Island Project (GNIP), consider the following statements:

1. The project is being implemented by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation.
2. It involves diversion of forest land in Galathea Bay and Pemmaya Bay.
3. One of its objectives is to reduce India’s dependence on foreign transshipment ports like Singapore and Colombo.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Q5. Which committee prepared the latest assessment on regional backwardness in Karnataka that classified 75% of taluks as backward?

A. D M Nanjundappa Committee

B. Finance Commission of Karnataka

C. Karnataka Regional Imbalances Redressal Committee chaired by M Govinda Rao

D. Planning Commission of India

Q1. With reference to patent rights in outer space, consider the following statements:

1. Under Article VIII of the Outer Space Treaty, national patent laws apply to inventions made on space objects registered by a state.
2. The exclusivity of patents over essential survival technologies in space may conflict with the Outer Space Treaty’s principle of benefiting all humankind.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q2. With reference to the USD-backed stablecoin approved by the UAE Central Bank, consider the following statements:

1. It is pegged to the US dollar on a 1:1 basis and backed by dollar reserves to ensure price stability.
2. The stablecoin is unsuitable for international transfers and trade settlements due to regulatory restrictions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q3. Consider the following statements:

Assertion (A): The NPS Swasthya Pension Scheme aims to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare by allowing subscribers to use pension-linked savings for medical expenses.

Reason (R): Under the scheme, subscribers can make partial withdrawals of up to 75% of their own contributions for OPD and IPD expenses as part of a pilot under PFRDA’s Regulatory Sandbox.

Choose the correct answer:

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

(c) A is true, but R is false

(d) A is false, but R is true

Q4. With reference to the newly added Ramsar sites in India, consider the following statements:

1. Patna Bird Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh is the largest bird sanctuary in the state and supports both migratory and resident aquatic birds.
2. Chhari-Dhand is a seasonal desert wetland located between the Banni grasslands and the salt flats of the Rann of Kutch.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q5. Which of the following legal provisions in India can be invoked to address the unauthorised commercial use of a person’s name or likeness?

(a) Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution

(b) Section 14 of the Trademarks Act, 1999

(c) Section 24 of the Environment Protection Act, 1986

(d) Article 110 of the Constitution

Q1. With reference to India Energy Week (IEW), consider the following statements:

1. It was first launched in 2023.
2. It is held under the patronage of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
3. It is conducted annually by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. Consider the following statements regarding the implementation of Digital Food Currency:

1. The Reserve Bank of India is the regulatory authority for the CBDC.
2. The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution is the implementing authority.
3. The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has no role in the initiative.

Which of the statements given above are INcorrect?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q3. Assertion (A): The Supreme Court has held that menstrual health in schools is integral to the Right to Life under Article 21 of the Constitution.

Reason (R): Lack of access to menstrual hygiene facilities undermines dignity, health, and bodily autonomy of adolescent girls.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

(c) A is true but R is false

(d) A is false but R is true

Q4. Which of the following functions are performed by the National Commission for Women?

1. Reviewing constitutional safeguards for women
2. Recommending amendments to laws affecting women
3. Conducting criminal trials related to crimes against women only

Select the incorrect answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(c) 1 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q5. The classified weapon system referred to as the “Discombobulator”, reportedly used by the US, is best described as:

(a) A conventional kinetic weapon designed for large-scale physical destruction only

(b) A nuclear-powered electromagnetic pulse device only

(c) A combination of non-lethal directed-energy, sonic, and electronic warfare technologies

(d) A space-based laser system targeting satellites only

Q1. With reference to the recent depreciation of the Indian Rupee, consider the following statements:

1. Strong GDP growth and low inflation normally support currency stability.
2. Capital flows are influenced only by macroeconomic fundamentals.
3. Geopolitical tensions can override economic fundamentals in determining exchange rates.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. Assertion (A): Army dogs maintained by the RVC play an important role in counter-insurgency and reconnaissance operations.

Reason (R): Dogs are trained for tracking militants, detecting explosives, and surveillance tasks.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

(c) A is true but R is false

(d) A is false but R is true

Q3. With reference to the Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya, consider the following statements:

1. They are locally known as Jingkieng Jri.
2. They are constructed using the aerial roots of dead trees.
3. They are primarily found in the East Khasi Hills and West Jaintia Hills.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q4. Which of the following challenges are associated with domestic coking coal mining in India?

1. High ash content
2. Underground mine fires
3. Land subsidence
4. Legacy issues

Select the correct answer using the code below:

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(b) 1 and 4 only

(c) 2 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q5. The ODOP initiative in India is inspired by which of the following international models?

(a) China’s Township and Village Enterprises

(b) Japan’s One Village One Product

(c) South Korea’s Saemaul Undong

(d) Germany’s Mittelstand model